Science

The Use of Harbor Dredged Material

Learn More about Harbor Dredged Materials

History of Natural Pozzolan Usage

“The oldest example of hydraulic binder, dating from 5000-4000 B.C., was a mixture of lime and natural pozzolan, diatomaceous earth from the Persian Gulf. So strong and durable was this pozzolanic concrete that, “neither waves could break, nor water dissolve.” A more modern example of the 162-year-old, Suez Canal and the Corinthian Canal at 142-years-old ... the Greeks and the Romans built many such structures over 2000 years ago. Roman monuments in many parts of Europe are in use today, standing as a tribute to the performance of lime-pozzolan mortars. At their youngest, these pozzolanic structures are still much more durable than our contemporary structures.

*(ACI 232.1R-00, Use of Raw or Processed Natural Pozzolans in Concrete)

ASTM Certification for Pozzolan

American Society for Testing and Materials / ASTM International / Standards World-wide

ASTM C-618, is the specification that covers raw natural pozzolans, thermically treated pozzolans, and coal fly ash used in concrete where cementitious or pozzolanic action (or both) is desired.

Chemical Composition and Physical Characteristic Requirements

ASTM-C-618 Summary

Resource Materials Testing

Introducing Araby: An Eco-Friendly, Natural Pozzolan

In the 1960s, Araby was found in the borings by the former owner of the property, the Lehigh Cement Company. In 2008, Comus purchased The Quarry and had this mineral analyzed. It was found to have the chemical make-up of a natural mineral pozzolan.

Further testing by Hills-Carnes, Lehigh Cement Labs, FL Smidth, and Resource Material Testing have all verified the natural mineral pozzolanic quality of Araby in a non-active state.

As a natural mineral pozzolan, a process was developed to achieve reactivity without the need of burning any fossil fuels. This was verified by the previously mentioned companies' testing, making Araby a zero C02 additive in the manufacturing of concrete, as well as one that fortifies Portland Cement.

Private Lab Testing Results of Araby

FLSmidth Araby Testing

Lehigh Araby Testing

CTL Group Araby Testing

Answers for Chemists

The Hill Process*

The Hill Process uses a patented (pending), proprietary grinding process that exposes great numbers of molecular particles to the hydration process, thereby activating the pozzolan. Watch the animation below.

CO2 Reductions in Realtime

The Hill Process involves a new means of activating a sub-class of mined, natural, non-volcanic mineral pozzolans. These minerals are the most plentiful on earth. When activated using The Hill Process -a mechanical, no heat process that is a sustainable solution to the environmental crisis avoided due to the release of CO² during the high heat process of calcining. All toxins remain in the mineral and are encapsulated in the Pozzolan Portland Concrete.

Carbon Content in Harbor Dredging Material and Use as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM).

Is all carbon content detrimental to concrete? No. “Carbon is a problem in ready-mixed concrete when it is in the form of activated carbon because it absorbs the air-entraining admixtures and makes the ability to produce a uniform amount of air in concrete difficult.”

What kind of carbon does Harbor Dredging Material (H.D.M.) contain? H.D.M. contains “organic carbon and perhaps some inorganic carbon in the form of coal particles.”

In relation to concrete mix designs, where is activated carbon usually found? “Coal fly ash from power plants contain this activated carbon and when this carbon varies, it causes problems for the R/M plants in regulating the air content of their concrete.”